mineral processing technology and mineral processing equipment

Sinonine know that in a beneficiation plant , if ore material content much more mud or impurity, it should adopt washing process to enrich the ore first and then to next separation processing such as flotation, gravity, magnetic etc. Washing is mainly used in the enrichment process of industrial minerals, coal, aggregates, sand and gravel, normally with the products in solid form. (size =1 mm and coarser). Washing equipments include Log washers, Wet Screens, Aquamator Separators, Tumbling Scrubbers, Attrition Scrubbers etc. Log washers Single or double shaft log washers are used for washing of gravel. Contaminated material is fed at the trough bottom and is transported upwards by blades in a screw pattern due to friction between the material. Effluent in slurry form leaves via an overflow weir . Wet screens Water spraying can be used to wash materials on a screen regardless of hole size in the screening media. If the hole size is 20 mm or less, water spraying i

In the beneficiation plant , it is very important to control the grain size in the stage of crushing and grinding. Especially in metal mines such as iron ore processing line and gold mining equipment , grain size control plays a decisive role in the subsequent stage of selection. A few typical granularity control schemes and their characteristics are described below. 1.Crushing circuits - open screening • Screening ahead of a crusher avoids packing • Less wear in the crusher • Higher total capacity • The screening media is “controlling” the product in two dimensions. No “flaky shortcuts”. Fig1. crushing-open screening 2. Crushing circuits-closed screening • The screens are lowering the capacity • Calibration of the product is improved • Better cubical shape • Higher reduction ratio Fig2.crushing-closed screening 3.Grinding circuits-screening • Used for “trapping critical sizes” in AG - SAG circuits (1) • Used for taking

In a mineral processing plant individual pieces of comminution equipment are almost never used alone, but rather appropriate“stages” of size reduction are used in a plant to transform the material from the run-of-mine size to the final product size and then go to beneficiation stage such as flotation machine , gravity machine, magnetic equipment etc . The appropriate selection of equipment on a stage-by-stage basis is determined by feed size, ore type, tonnage, and final product size. Table 1 lists the size ranges within which various comminution methods operate most efficiently. The fact that the inherent efficiency of some devices is higher than others causes circuit designers to select equipment that produces a favorable overall efficiency. Table 1. Normal size range and approximate energy efficiencies for various devices In addition to taking into account inherent device efficiency in circuit design, the use of interstage size separation equipment will be shown in this

Dust and noise are two main working environment problems in beneficiation plant . Although the auxiliary equipment like dust collectors are not main mining machine in plant, they are Equally important. There are many good measures to deal with dust and noise problems and widly used in many plants such as iron ore processing plant, gold beneficiation plant , coal plant etc. 1.Dust collection The dust removal and dust collecting systems are very similar to a normal dry classification circuit. Dry classification is in fact a dust removal system where the max size of the dust is controlled by a classifier (or ventilation criteria), See figure 1 . igure 1. dust collection system Primary recovery of dust is normally done in a cyclone taking the major part. The final recollection is done in a wet scrubber or a fabric filter. Wet scrubber has an advantage over fabric filter when the dust is combustible. In all other cases the dry fabric filtration is more effective as no slud

Sinonine deeply know that in a mineral processing plant , flotation is carried out as a continuous operation in a series or bank of cells. This increases the floating time, allowing ample opportunity for particle-bubble attachment to occur. The residence time of particles in the bank of cells range from 5 to 15 minutes. The rate at which the particles float will depend on particle composition, pulp density, particle size and degree of turbulence in the cell. The arrangement of a number of cells in series allows the collection of different products from the various cells. For example, liberated particles in general float more rapidly than composite particles so that a high grade concentrate can be collected from the first few cells in a bank and froth from the remaining cells can be collected as a middling concentrate. Quite often the grade of concentrate recovered from a single stage of flotation is not high enough and requires re-floating in one or more stages of flotation referred

In a mineral processing plant , operating at the rate of 400,000t/d , this is equivalent to about 28tof solid per minute, requiting up to 75 m3 /min of water. It is therefore important to operate with the minimum upward or horizontal movement and with the maximum practicable pulp density in all of those stages subsequent to the addition of water to the system. The basic philosophy requires maximum use of gravity and continuous movement over the shortest possible distances between processing units. Dry ore can be moved through chutes, provided they are of sufficient slope to allow easy sliding, and sharp turns are avoided. Clean solids slide easily on a 15-25 ° steel-faced slope, but for most ores, a 45-55 ° working slope is used. The ore may be difficult to control if the slope is too steep. The belt conveyor is the most widely used method of handling loose bulk materials. Belts now in use are with capacities up to 20,000t / h  and single flight lengths exceeding 15,000

The distinctive feature of ball mills is the use of loose crushing bodies, which are large, hard, and heavy in relation to the ore particles, but small in relation to the volume of the mill, and which occupy slightly less than half the volume of the mill. Due to the rotation and friction of the mill shell,the grinding medium is lifted along the rising side of the mill until a position of dynamic equilibrium is reached, when the bodies cascade and cataract down the free surface of the other bodies, about a dead zone where little movement occurs, down to the toe of the mill charge (Figure 1). Figure1. Motion of charge in a ball mill The speed at which a mill is run is important, since it governs the nature of the product and the amount of wear on the shell liners. For instance, a practical knowledge of the trajectories followed by the steel balls in a mill determines the speed at which it must be run in order that the descending balls shall fall on to the toe of the charge, an

Manganese is an important ferrous metal. Manganese ore is mainly divided into two categories: manganese oxide and manganese carbonate. Different mineral processing methods are often used according to different ore properties. Figure1.gravity separation 1. Manganese oxide This type of ore is mainly the secondary manganese oxide ore in the weathered ore deposit, and the primary and secondary manganese oxide ores of some sedimentary and hydrothermal deposits. Manganese minerals in ores are mainly pyrolusite, pyrolusite and manganese ore. Gangue is mainly silicate minerals and carbonate minerals, often accompanied by iron, phosphorus and nickel and cobalt. The main beneficiation method of manganese oxide ore is gravity. Weathering type oxidation manganese ore often contains large amounts of mud and mineral powder, production of the ore washing and gravity separation. The ore washing to remove slime, mine net income, some can be used as a finished ore, some need to use the j