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Mineral froth flotation

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Sinonine deeply know that in a beaker of water, if air is introduced from the bottom, air bubbles are produced  and rise to the surface of the water as the density of an air bubble is much less than that of water (Figure.1 A). Similarly air bubbles also rise if air is introduced in a pulp containing mineral particles. If a mineral particle of high density adheres to the air bubble, the air bubble along with the mineral particle rises to the surface because the apparent density of the air bubble and the adhered mineral particle is less than that of water. If many mineral particles are adhered to the air bubble, still the air bubble rises to the surface as the apparent density of the air bubble and adhered mineral particles is less than that of water due to the relatively large volume of the air bubble Figure 1 B). This concept is the basis for froth flotation operation. To use this concept or phenomenon, the following are required: 1 Method to make the mineral particles adhere to
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The motion of the charge in a ball mill

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The distinctive feature of ball mills is the use of loose crushing bodies, which are large, hard, and heavy in relation to the ore particles, but small in relation to the volume of the mill, and which occupy slightly less than half the volume of the mill. Due to the rotation and friction of the mill shell,the grinding medium is lifted along the rising side of the mill until a position of dynamic equilibrium is reached, when the bodies cascade and cataract down the free surface of the other bodies, about a dead zone where little movement occurs, down to the toe of the mill charge (Figure 1). Figure1. Motion of charge in a ball mill The speed at which a mill is run is important, since it governs the nature of the product and the amount of wear on the shell liners. For instance, a practical knowledge of the trajectories followed by the steel balls in a mill determines the speed at which it must be run in order that the descending balls shall fall on to the toe of the charge, an
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METALLURGICAL EFFICIENCY

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One of the most important and basic concepts in beneficiation plant is metallurgical efficiency. Two  terms are commonly used to describe the efficiency of metallurgical processes: recovery and grade . These phenomena are illustrated in the generalized process presented in Figure 1. In above example, 100 tph of ore are being fed into a concentration operation that produces 4.5 tph of concentrate and 95.5 tph of tailings. In upgrading this process, then, 1.0 tph of the desired material, A, is introduced into the unit operation and 0.9 tph (4.5 × 0.2) of this material reports to the concentrate, resulting in 90% recovery (0.9/1.0 × 100). The grade of the mineral, A, has been improved from 1% to 20%. The term percent recovery refers to the percentage of the valuable material reporting to the concentrate with reference to the amount of this material in the feed. Note that obtaining the highest possible recovery is not necessarily the best approach in a concentration process. High rec
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